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World Chess Championship
The World Chess Championship is FIDE’ s (Federation Internationale des Echecs or World Chess Federation) most popular event. Before the FIDE, there was no clearly established system of qualification tournaments. Until about 1948, the reigning world champion arranged the World Chess Championship. This continued until the titleholder died, leaving no successor. From 1948 until about 1990, the World Chess Championship was organized to run on a three-year cycle. The cycle started when the world's best chess players were seeded into one or more interzonal tournaments. The players who finished with the highest scores in the interzonal tournaments qualified into a series of elimination matches. These matches were known as the candidates’ tournament. The player who emerged successfully from the candidates’ matches met the reigning World Chess Champion in a match for the title of World Chess Champion. In the 1990s, the World Champion title became mired in a confusing jumble of personalities, organizations, claims, and counterclaims.
The ELO rating system is a method to calculate the relative strength of chess players. Arpad Elo, a scientist and teacher developed this rating system. Elo was a master player at his peak. His biggest contribution to the chess game was the development of a statistically sound rating system that now bears his name. The United States Chess Federation adopted Professor Elo’s rating system in 1960 and FIDE adopted it in 1970. This rating system was later adopted in games like Scrabble, bowling, golf and table tennis.
United States Chess Federation
The United States Chess Federation is the official sanctioning body for over the board tournament play in the United States and is a not for profit organization. The United States Chess Federation supports and promotes the game throughout the nation. The organization provides the official ratings for Over the Board, correspondence chess, and scholastic tournaments. Every member of the United States Chess Federation will have a provisional rating published after the first four games and an established rating after the first twenty-five games. Statistician Arpad Elo developed the rating system in the early 1960s. Most ratings of the United States Chess Federation fall between 400 and 2600, with an average of about 1350. There are a number of experiments that suggest that learning and playing chess does, indeed, aid the mind in certain ways. The U.S. Chess Federation (USCF) chess research bibliography contains a collection of many such experimental results.
Chess FIDE
The Fédération Internationale des Échecs, or the World Chess Federation, was founded in Paris, France on July 24, 1924. FIDE is recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as responsible for the organization of chess and its championships at global and continental levels. FIDE was recognized by the IOC in June 1999 as an International Sports Federation. FIDE issues the rules of chess and the provisions pertaining to the organization of the Chess Olympiad, World Championships and all other FIDE competitions. It awards the international chess titles of Grandmaster, International Master, FIDE Master, Woman Grandmaster, Woman International Master, FIDE Woman Master, International Arbiter and other titles. As well as organising the World Chess Championship, FIDE calculates the Elo rating of players, and periodically publishes albums of the best chess problems.
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